The Rat Pack

The Rat Pack was an informal group of entertainers centered on the Las Vegas casino venue. They originated as a group of friends who met at the Los Angeles home of Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall.[1] In the 1960s, the group featured Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Peter Lawford, and Joey Bishop among others. They appeared together on stage and in films in the early 1960s, including the movies Ocean's 11,[2] Sergeants 3, and Robin and the 7 Hoods (Bing Crosby replaced Lawford in the last movie). Sinatra, Martin, and Davis were regarded as the group's lead members after Bogart's death.[3][4] The 1960s version of the group included Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Peter Lawford, and Joey Bishop. Marilyn Monroe, Angie Dickinson, Juliet Prowse, Buddy Greco, and Shirley MacLaine were often referred to as the "Rat Pack Mascots". Comedian Don Rickles wrote that "I never received an official membership card, but Frank made me feel part of the fun."[7] Peter Lawford was a brother-in-law of President John F. Kennedy (dubbed "Brother-in-Lawford" by Sinatra),[8] and Kennedy spent time with Sinatra and the others when he visited Las Vegas, during which members sometimes referred to the group as "the Jack Pack". Rat Pack members played a role in campaigning for Kennedy and the Democrats, appearing at the July 1960 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles.[9] Lawford asked Sinatra if he would have Kennedy as a guest at his Palm Springs house in March 1962, and Sinatra went to great lengths to accommodate the President, including the construction of a helipad.[10] Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy advised his brother to sever his ties to Sinatra because of his association with Mafia figures such as Sam Giancana, and he cancelled the visit.[11] Kennedy instead stayed at Bing Crosby's estate, which further infuriated Sinatra.[12] Lawford was blamed for this, and Sinatra "never again had a good word" for him.[13] Lawford's role was written out of the upcoming 4 for Texas, and his part in Robin and the 7 Hoods was given to Bing Crosby.[12]